MULTILATERAL GROUPING · Quad
Quad
Quadrilateral Security Dialogue
The Quad is a strategic security dialogue between India, Japan, Australia, and the United States focused on a free, open, and prosperous Indo-Pacific. Relaunched at the leader level in 2021 after years of dormancy, the Quad now coordinates on maritime security, supply chains, vaccines, climate, and critical technologies through working groups and annual summits.
MEMBER STATES
The 4 members and what each brings
India
Lead partner
BRINGS TO THE TABLE
- Strategic geography, Indo-Pacific voice, non-alignment credibility
Japan
Finance & technology
BRINGS TO THE TABLE
- ODA, infrastructure finance, semiconductor supply chains
Australia
Resources & maritime
BRINGS TO THE TABLE
- Critical minerals, maritime surveillance, Five Eyes intelligence
United States
Military & tech power
BRINGS TO THE TABLE
- Naval power, technology standards, convening authority
PRIORITY AREAS
Six themes, project-by-project execution
Maritime domain awareness
Indo-Pacific Maritime Domain Awareness (IPMDA) initiative shares satellite data and radar feeds among the four nations to track illegal fishing, humanitarian events, and security activity across the Indo-Pacific.
Critical and emerging technology
The Quad Critical and Emerging Technology Working Group coordinates on 5G/6G standards, AI governance, quantum, and semiconductor supply chain resilience. Aligned with the US-India iCET framework.
Vaccines and health
The Quad Vaccine Partnership committed to deliver 1.2 billion COVID-19 vaccine doses across the Indo-Pacific by end-2022. Now pivots to health security infrastructure for future pandemic preparedness.
Infrastructure
$50bn in infrastructure commitments across the Indo-Pacific by 2027 through the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII), with Quad members providing the largest share.
Flagship: $50bn PGII commitment
Climate and clean energy
Quad Climate Working Group coordinates on clean hydrogen, offshore wind, and climate finance for vulnerable Indo-Pacific island nations. Japan and Australia are primary financiers.
Counter-terrorism
A Quad Counter-Terrorism Working Group was established in 2023 to share intelligence on terrorist financing, maritime threats, and cyber attacks from non-state actors.
INDIA'S ROLE
What India brings, what India gets
India brings strategic depth and geographic centrality to the Quad. As the only non-alliance member, India's participation lends the grouping legitimacy as a non-NATO construct. India participates in all working groups but maintains a distinct position on military interoperability - it joins exercises and intelligence-sharing arrangements but does not commit to collective defence. India's presidency of the G20 in 2023 provided a platform to embed Quad-adjacent frameworks like PGII and IMEC into the broader multilateral agenda.
INDIA CONTRIBUTES
- ·Strategic geography - Indian Ocean centrality
- ·Democratic credibility and non-aligned voice
- ·Manufacturing base for supply chain diversification
- ·Large domestic market for Indo-Pacific value chains
INDIA RECEIVES
- ·Technology access (semiconductors, AI, quantum)
- ·Infrastructure financing for domestic connectivity
- ·Maritime domain awareness tools
- ·A coordinated platform for Indo-Pacific engagement
OUTCOMES TO DATE
What Quad has actually produced
UPDATED 12 MAY 2026
FLAGSHIP 01
1.2bn
Doses committed · Delivered by 2022
Quad Vaccine Partnership - largest coordinated vaccine delivery in Indo-Pacific history. India's Serum Institute was the primary manufacturer.
FLAGSHIP 02
$50bn
Committed · 2022–2027
Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment - Quad-aligned infrastructure commitments across Southeast Asia, Pacific Islands, and South Asia.